Tuesday, 13 May 2025

AMIR KHUSRAU'S CONTRIBUTION TO HINDI LITERATURE

 

Short Note on the contribution of Amir Khusrau towards Hindi Literature

Amir Khusrau (1253 - 1325) was the first great name among Indian historiographers during the sultanate period. He lived through the reign of six different Sultans. Kaiqubad, Bughra Khan, Jalaluddin Khilji, Alauddin Khilji, Qutbudin Mubarak Shah Khilji and Ghyasuddin Tughlaq. His close association with these sultans, and more so with the saint, Nizamuddin Auliya, gave him an opportunity of knowing the political events and the social conditions of the time. He is a very prolific writer who is supposed to have written about 92 works. But he is more a poet than a historian, his works lack unity of theme and chronology His strongest point is an embellished style. His works on history are 6 in number, the most important of which are Khazain - ul- Futuh, Khiran - us- Sadain, and Thugluqnamah. He is good in giving us an account of events but his philosophy of history is not rational but metaphysical in nature. For him human characteristics are created outside the world of time and events, that is by God, and events merely betray those characteristics.

In other words, man is a creature depending entirely on the Divine Will. The modern concept of History is that it is the story of developing changing human nature in action; but to Khusrau it was a spectacle o divine Ordination. If Ranke speaks in terms of God dwelling in history, Croce in terms of the spirit action, and Toynbee in terms of theodicy it is no wonder that Amir Khusrau was speaking almost in the same language. He advises Allaudin not to be harsh in government. The primary purpose of Amir Khusrau was to fulfill his aesthetic sense, to amuse his readers, to stimulate their emotions and the poetic medium suited his historical theme.

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