Sunday, 19 September 2021

THE BATTLE OF BUXAR – 1764

Buxar completed what Plassey had begun… Discuss

Outcome of Battle of Buxar

Importance of the Battle of Buxar

The war between Mir Kasim and the Company broke out in 1763. In the series of encounters that followed, Mir Kasim was worsted. He escaped to Oudh and organized a confederacy with the Nawab of Oudh and the Emperor in a final bid to oust the English from Bengal. The combined armies of the three powers numbering between 40,000 to 60,000 met an English army of 7072 troops commanded by Major Munro at the battlefield of Buxar on 22 October 1764. Casualties on both sides were heavy. The English won the day.

The Battle of Buxar was a closely contested battle in which the losses of the English numbered 847 killed and wounded while on the side of the Indian powers more than 2000 officers and soldiers were killed. If the victory of Plassey was the result of British conspiracy and diplomacy, the same can hardly be said of Buxar. Mir Kasim had made adequate preparations for the conflict and the Nawab of Oudh had mustered his best soldiers in the field. Evidently it was a victory of superior military power.

Buxar confirmed the decisions of Plassey. Now English powers in North India became unchallengable. The new Nawab of Bengal was their stooge, the Nawab of Oudh a grateful subordinate ally, the Emperor their pensioner. The whole territory upto Allahabad lay at their feet and the road to Delhi open. Never after Buxar did the Nawabs of Bengal or Oudh ever challenge the superior position of the Company; rather the years following witnessed the tightening of English grip over these regions.

If the Battle of Plassey had made the English a powerful factor in the politics of Bengal, the victor of Buxar made them a great power of norther India and contenders for the supremacy of the whole country. The English now faced the Afghans and the Marathas as serious rivals int eh final struggle for the Empire of Hindustan. If Plassey had imposed the European yoke on Bengal, the victory of Buxar riveted the shackles of bondage.

The Battle of Buxar proved to be a decisive struggle with far reaching political consequences in the destiny of India.

Opinions:

G. B. Malleson – Whether regarded as a duel between the foreigners and the native, or as an event pregnant with vast permanent consequences, Buxar takes rank amongst the most decisive battels ever fought. Not only did the victory of the English save Bengal, not only did it advance the British frontier to Allahabad, but it bound the rulers of Awadh to the conqueror by ties of admiration, of gratitude, of absolute reliance and trust.

Alfred Lyall – The eventual and secondary consequences of the Battle of Buxar were very important. The success of the English brought the Emperor into their camp, intimidated the Vizier, carried the armed forces of the Company across the Ganges to Benares and Allahabad, and acquired for them a new, advanced and commanding position in relation to the principalities north west of Bengal, with whom they now found themselves for the first time in contact. By this war the English were drawn into connection with upper India, and were brought out upon a scene of fresh operations that grew rapidly wider.

No comments:

Post a Comment