Tuesday, 14 September 2021

THE ENGLISH AND THE NAWABS OF BENGAL

 Historical Facts

Job Charnock laid the foundation of Calcutta.

Siraj ud Daulah ordered the English to demolish their fortifications at Chandarnagore.

After Siraj ud Daulah’s attack on Fort St. William, the English escaped and took refuge in Fulta.

Calcutta was renamed Alinagar after its capture by Siraj ud Daulah in 1756.

Mir Jafar was the Mir Bakshi in Siraj ud Daulah’s court.

Khadim Khan commanded the largest number of Nawab Siraj Ud Daulah’s troops.

Manik Chand was the officer in charge of Calcutta during Nawab Siraj ud Daulah’s regime in Bengal.

Jagath Seth was the biggest banker of Bengal during Nawab Siraj ud Daulah’s time.

Black hole tragedy – Siraj ud Daulah on his attack on Fort St. William captured 146 Britishers and put them in a small chamber leading to the death of 123 Britishers.

By the Treaty of Alinagar 1757, Siraj ud Daulah granted the British to mint coins, to fortify Calcutta and recognize their previliges.

Treaty of Alinagar was signed between Siraj ud Daulah and Robert Clive.

Battle of Plassey was fought on the banks of River Bhagirathi.

Robert Clive led the British forces in the Battle of Plassey 1757.

Mir Jafar was commander in chief of Siraj ud Daula’s troops.

On Mir Jafar’s mal-intentious advice, Siraj ud Daulah suspended the fight in the Battle of Plassey.

Casualties in the Battle of Plassey 1757 – about 65 on the English side and around 500 on the Nawab’s side.

Miran was the son of Mir Jafar.

Zamindari of 24 parganas were granted to the British by Mir Jafar.

Bengal, Bihar and Orrisa were areas where the British were granted undisputed right to trade by Mir Jafar.

Shah Alam II gave Mir Jafar the title of ‘Omrah’.

Mir Jafar gave the monopoly of salt and pepper trade in Bengal to the British.

By Treaty of Allahabad 1765, the British got the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orrisa from Shah Alam II.

Mir Jafar was called as Col. Clive’s Jackal.

Alivardi Khan was the Nawab of Bengal who gave permission to the English East India Company to fortify their settlements in Bengal.

The Dutch army helped Mir Jafar against the British in 1759.

Burdwan, Midnapur and Chittagong – the districts ceded to the East India Company by Mir Qasim.

Mir Qasim (Nawab of Bengal) transferred the capital from Murshidabad to Monghyr.

Mir Qasim gave permission to the English East India Company to mint coins in Bengal.

Mir Qasim protested the misuse of Dastaks by the English servants.

Mir Qasim suspended Ram Narayan, the Deputy Governor of Bengal and put him to death.

Mir Qasim admitted the English traders a share in the internal trade provided the English pay 9% duty on the cost of goods.

Mir Qasim restarted collecting Khajirijama which had earlier been stopped.

Mir Qasim abolished duties in Bengal for all traders in protest against the misuse of dastaks by the English servants.

Internal duties were levied in Bengal at the rate of 2.5%.

Drain of wealth from India to Britain started in the reign of Mir Jafar

Read more about the Drain of Wealth by clicking the link:Drain Theory

Mir Qasim formed a confederation to oust the English from Bengal with Shuja ud Daula, the Nawab of Oudh and Shah Alam II, the then Mughal Emperor.

Major Hector Munro commanded the English forces int eh Battle of Buxar of 1764.

Allahabad and Kara were areas which Shuja ud Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal had to cede to the British by the Treaty of Allahabad 1765.

Rupees 26 lakhs per annum was the annual payment made by the Company to the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II in lieu of the Diwani Right of Bengal secured by the Company.

Warren Hastings stopped the annual payment of Rupees 26 lakhs to Shah Alam II in lieu of the Diwani Right of Bengal.

Mir Jafar became Nawab of Bengal for the second time.

After Mir Jafar’s death, the English appointed Najim ud Daulah as the Nawab of Bengal.

For the exercise of Diwani, the English appointed two deputy Diwans – Mohammed Reza Khan in Bengal and Raja Shitab Roy in Bihar.

Robert Clive held the title of ‘Salbat Jung’.

The government of Bengal between 1765-72 was called as dual government because the Nizam performed the Nizamat functions and the English Company enjoyed Diwani rights.

Warren Hastings abolished dual government in Bengal since the Court of Directors desired so.

Robert Clive became Governor of Bengal twice. The tenures of his governorship were 1757-60 and 1765-67.

1765-72 was the period of dual governorship in Bengal.

Verelvt was the Governor of Bengal from 1767-69.

Cartier was the Governor of Bengal from 1769-72.

Warren Hastings became the Governor of Bengal in 1772.

Robert Clive divided his army and stationed them at three different places – Bankipur, Allahabad and Monghyr.

Dual system of Government was abolished by Regulating Act of 1772.

Governor of Bengla who committed suicide after returning back to England was Robert Clive. He committed suicide because he was declared guilty by the House of Commons.

Warren Hastings was the first Governor-General of India.

British secured the rights of duty free trade after Bengal in Awadh.

Warren Hastings transferred the state treasury from Murshidabad to Calcutta. 

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