IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON INDIAN INDUSTRY

Effects of globalization on Indian industry started when the government opened the country’s markets to foreign investments in the early 1990’s.

Globalization of the Indian industry took place in various sectors such as steel, pharmaceuticals, petroleum, chemicals, textile, cement, retail and BPO.

Globalization means the dismantling of trade barriers between nations and the integration of the nation’s economies through financial flow, trade in goods and services and corporate investments between nations.

Globalization has increased across the world in the recent years due to the fast (quick) progress that has been made in the field of technology especially transport and communication.

The process of globalization leads to opening up of markets to world trade, internationalization of financial markets, population migrations and increased mobility of persons, goods, capital, data and ideas.

The Government of India made changes in its economic policy in 1991 by which it allowed direct foreign investments in the country. As a result of this, globalization of the Indian industry took place on a major scale.

BENEFITS OF GLOBALIZATION ON INDIAN INDUSTRY

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          Globalization brought in huge amounts of foreign investments into the industry especially in BPO, pharmaceutical, petroleum and manufacturing industries.

-         The foreign direct investment coming into Indian industry, boosted Indian economy.

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       Multinational companies have increased their investment in India over the years

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      Larger companies have emerged as multinationals themselves

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        This provided Indians employment

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         It reduced the level of unemployment and poverty.

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          Foreign companies brought in highly advanced technology

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        This helped make Indian industry more technologically advanced

NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON INDIAN INDUSTRY

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          High competition in Indian market between foreign companies and domestic companies.

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          Foreign goods better than Indian goods, consumers preferred buying foreign goods

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         This reduced the profit of Indian goods

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        This was seen mainly in pharmaceuticals, manufacturing, chemical and steel industries.

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          Decline in agriculture

-          Disparity between rural and urban India

-          Growth of slum capitals

-          With the coming of technology the number of laborers required decreased. This resulted in many people being removed from their jobs.

The effects of Globalization on Indian industry have proved to be both positive and negative.

The government of India must try to make such economic policies with regard to Indian Industry’s Globalization that are beneficial and not harmful.

COURAGE

Courage is the ability to face danger and difficult tasks / jobs in a rational way and with self control. A courageous person is able to discuss problems with others, get involved with new challenges, and pursue the job or business even it there are obstacles or difficulties.

Courage is a key value which helps accept self-responsibility for one's life, enable one to be honest and admit to one's mistakes, enables one to face challenges and uncertainties of the future.

HONESTY

Honesty is the human quality of communicating and acting truthful and with fainess. It is related to truth as a value. It includes listening, reasoning as well as speaking

Honesty means simply stating facts and views as best one truly believes them to be. It includes both honesty to others and to oneself.

Honesty is an important element in interpersonal relationships, especially intimate relationships and dishonesty leads to distrust.

BENEFITS OF PRACTICING HONESTY

Honesty brings good health and happiness

Honesty helps establish peace of mind

Honesty enables you to gain love and respect

Honesty helps promote good will

FORGIVENESS

Forgiveness is the intentional and voluntary process by which a victim undergoes a change in feelings and attitude regarding an offence, lets go of negative emotions such as vengefulness, with an increased ability to wish the offender well.

Forgiveness is pardoning yourself or another from an offence. 

Key ingredients of forgiveness are:

- Character strength

- Its a slow unique individual journey

- It is a virtue

- It enables you to move from resentment to inner reconciliation

- It liberates you from anger, fear, resentment etc

- It is a proactive choice

COMPASSION

Compassion is the emotion that one feels in response to the suffering of others. It motivates a desire to help and gives rise to an active desire to alleviate another's suffering,

Compassion is feeling of deep sympathy and sorrow for another who is stricken by misfortune, accompanied by a strong desire to alleviate suffering. 

Compassion involves putting yourself in someone else's shoes, to take focus off yourself and to imagine what its like to be in someone else's predicament. 

• Look for commonalities: Seeing yourself as similar to others increases feelings of compassion. 
• Calm your inner worrier: When we let our mind run wild with fear in response to someone else’s pain (e.g., What if that happens to me?), we inhibit the biological systems that enable compassion. The practice of mindfulness can help us feel safer in these situations, facilitating compassion.
• Encourage cooperation, not competition, even through subtle cues
• See people as humans
• Don’t play the blame game: When we blame others for their misfortune, we feel less tenderness and concern toward them.
• Respect your inner hero
• Notice and savor how good it feels to be compassionate. 
• To cultivate compassion in kids, start by modeling kindness, lead by example.
• Curb inequality

EMPATHY

Empathy is the capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from within the other being's frame of reference, i.e., the capacity to place oneself in another's position. 

Empathy is seeing with the eyes of another, listening with the ears of another and feeling with the heart of another.

One must learn to be empathetic to empathize with the problems faced by family members, friends, acquaintances, as this will make our lives more meaningful and worth living. 

Empathy is not the same as sympathy. Empathy is about feelings, sympathy is about actions. Thus one can empathize with another and then act on it by feeling sorry for the person or happy for the person.

Empathy helps connect people
Empathy builds trust.
Empathy helps heal and can be therapeutic

SELF INITIATIVE

Self initiative is doing the right thing without being told to do so. It is taking the first step instead of waiting for someone else to do it.

One can develop self initiative by

• -          Developing  a plan (career plan)
• -          Build self confidence
• -          Check your ideas
• -          Look for and take up opportunities that come your way
• -          Be persistent
• -          Be consistent

Initiative has become increasingly important in today's competitive workplace and so one needs to develop self initiative. Self initiative is also very useful for individuals who are business oriented and intend to start up a new business or pursue family business.

SELF CONFIDENCE

Self confidence is an attitude which allows individuals to have a positive yet realistic views of themselves and their situations.

Self confident people trust their own abilities, have a general sense of control in their lives, and believe they will able to do what they wish, plan and expect

A confident person can easily deal with the hurdles of life and can influence other by their positive attitude and personality.

Self confidence can be built through:

• -       -   Praise and compliments
• -          Focusing on positive ideas
• -          Having a good role model
• -          Physical activity
• -          Rest and relaxation
• -          Learn new things
• -          Practice talents and skills
• -          Setting and achieving goals

SELF DISCIPLINE

Self-discipline refers to the ability to control one's own feeling. Self-discipline is one of the most important and useful skills everyone should possess. This skill is essential in every area of life, and though most people acknowledge its importance, very few do something to strengthen it.

Self-discipline enables one to overcome one's own weaknesses. It helps you take charge of yourself and enables you to get things done in an orderly, organised and efficient manner.

Self discipline is one of the most important ingredients of success. It is achieved through

- Perseverance

- Not giving up despite failure and setbacks

- Self control

- Resistance to distractions and temptations

- Try over and over again till you succeed

VALUES

Values from an important part of society as they account for the stability of social order and provide an internal reference for what is good, beneficial, important, useful, beautiful, desirable and constructive. Values generate behaviour and influence the choices made by an individual.

Values may help solve common human problems for survival by comparative rankings of value, the results of which provide answers to questions of why people do what they do and in what order they choose to do them. 

Moral, religious, and personal values, when held rigidly, may also give rise to conflicts that result from a clash between differing world views.

Over time the public expression of personal values that groups of people find important in their day-to-day lives, lay the foundations of law, custom and tradition. 

Values do not change from individual to individual.

IMPORTANCE / SIGNIFICANCE OF VALUES

- Values provide goals or aims for members to pursue

- Values ensure uniformity and stability in group interaction and thus hold society together

- Values help bring adjustment in the various sets of rules given to us and hence it is possible to modify rules.

- Values enable society to function in peace and harmony

Some timeless human values are: Non-violence, Peace, Trust, Unity, Responsibility, Love, Compassion, Generosity, Sharing, Integrity, Honesty, Sincerity, Service, Respect, etc.

PRESENTATION SKILLS

A carefully researched and prepared viewpoint that contains suggestions and ideas for the solving problems and which is delivered as a speech with the help of notes and audio-visual aids is known as a presentation.  Presentations try to persuade by explaining ideas, sharing knowledge and experiences and helps the listener make informed decisions. Some times the purpose of a presentation is merely to obtain feedback.

A Presentation may take the form of a prepared speech which is read out line by line, with breaks for illustrations on the black board or slides being shown with an overhead projector. Or it could take the form of brief notes which the speaker refers to from time to time and elaborates upon spontaneously.

The speaker has to research his material well and plan the presentation with care for the presentation to be successful.

USING AIDS FOR PRESENTATION

We absorb knowledge and information through a combination of sense. Vision enables us to take in 75% of what we learn. Hearing follows at 15% and feeling, smelling and tasting to a negligible extent. Keeping this in mind the effective presenter makes use of various aids.

Visual (and even audio) aids should be used to reinforce the points that you are speaking about and should not become the main attraction of the presentation. Do not speak while the audience is studying the visual material. Remove or erase the visual material before going to the next point as keeping it will distract the attention of the audience from what you are saying.

Advancing technology has given an entirely new meaning to modern presenter tools. E.g. OHPs, LCD, etc enable the presenter to effectively illustrate his/her talk.

SECULARISM (INDIA)

Secularism is separation of religion from the State. It implies that state should not favour the followers of any particular religion or discriminate against any followers of any particular religion

Secularism does not mean negation of religion; does not mean banning of religion from social or public life.

Secularism means not merely tolerating other religions but showing equal respect to all religions and their followers. (“Sarva dharma samabhava”) which allows all Indian citizens to follow or not follow a religion of their choice.

The 42^nd Amendment to Constitution inserted the word ”Secular”  in the preamble to the Constitution in 1976. It is thus part of the basic structure of the Indian Constitution.

The Indian Constitution promotes secularism in the following ways: 

- State to observe neutrality and impartiality towards all religions. 

- There shall be no state religion in India. 

- No religious instruction will be provided in any educational institution wholly maintained out of state funds. 

- Every person is guaranteed freedom of conscience and freedom to profess, practice and propagate his/ her own religion, subject to restrictions imposed by the state in the interest of public order, morality and health. 

- State shall not discriminate against any citizen in any matter, particularly in the matter of employment on the ground of religion   

DEMOCRACY

The word democracy comes from two Greek words ‘demos’ meaning  ‘people’ and ‘kratos / kratein’ meaning ‘rule / government’.

The philosophy of democracy evolved over centuries from various sources, and as a reaction against the absolute control of monarchs. Greeks believed it to be the best form of administration. Direct democracy – all adult males were members of the Council of the City State (women and slaves were not allowed).

Modern democracy evolved over a period of 700 years in England – the main purpose being to restrict the absolute authority of the king. Also greatly influenced by the French Revolution and Liberalism.

Lincoln’s definition – ‘Government for the people, by the people, of the people’.

In the modern sense democracy is ‘a government made up of peoples representatives chosen by universal adult franchise and governed by principles of liberty, equality and fraternity.

LIBERTY – Freedom of the individual, within certain parameters

EQUALITY – Social, political and economic equality is a necessary condition of democracy because every individuals worth / right is equally important. The government / society / constituency must strive to make all its citizens equal. Equality does not mean being at the same economic standard but providing the same opportunities. Therefore positive discrimination is allowed.

FRATERNITY – Refers to a sense of brotherhood, which must be developed if the principle of equality is to be upheld.

Thus democracy is not just a political system but also operates on the economic and social levels.

TYPES OF DEMOCRACY

Political Democracy – System of government made up of representatives chosen through a universal electoral system – equal political rights for all. The highest office must be responsible. Equality before the law, freedom of thought and speech.

Social Democracy – Since all individuals enjoy equal political rights, the principle of ‘equality’ must be accepted and fostered – thus it must be practiced first in the social context. Every individual must believe in the inherent value of other individuals and treat them equally – only then will we accept that each ones opinion or vote is important.

Economic Democracy – All individuals have the right to earn wealth without interfering in or obstructing the right of other people. The state does exercise certain control over the economy in order to prevent exploitation or unfair practices.

THE FOLLOWING FACTORS FOSTER / PROTECT DEMOCRACY

1.     Fair Electoral System – adult franchise, no malpractice. Manipulated elections are worse than no elections because it promotes autocracy under the cloak of democracy. Therefore elections must be free and fair.

2.     Political freedom – of speech, expression, no intimidation while exercising political rights.

3.     Education – people must understand their rights to exercise them effectively. Use judgment when selecting candidates; be aware of rights in order to protect them. According to Aldous Huxley ‘If your aim is liberty and democracy, then you must teach people the art of being free and governing themselves’.

4.     Mass Communication – in order to make informed choices, people must have access to information. Therefore mass communication media must be developed. Physical mobility through transport must also be easy in order for the administration to  reach every corner of the country.

5.     Independent Judiciary – in a democracy, government and people have defined rights and privileges. In order to protect these and prevent abuse of power, the judiciary must be independent of the executive and legislative control.

6.     Accountable administration – the government must be responsible to the people who have elected them. This accountability is ensured through independent judiciary and parliamentary procedure, i.e. vote of no confidence, public interest litigation etc.

7.     Growth of Middle Class – a powerful middle class traditionally has championed the cause of democracy

8.     Freedom of political parties – multiple choice, freedom to put forward ones agenda, etc.