SATYAGRAHA MOVEMENT
The Indian National Movement made the Indians conscious
of the evil of foreign rule. It was important to make them feel the sense of
nationalism and patriotism. The British government did not except the demand of
the nationalists and this gave rise to militant nationalism which is also known
as extremism.
When Lord Curzon became the Viceroy of India,
he wanted to strengthen the British rule in India, and at that time Bengal was
divided into two parts. The partition of Bengal was opposed by all sections of
people and the reaction of the newspaper was very hostile. A number of meetings
were held and this led to a partition movement.
It was started on 7th August 1905
and 16th October of 1905 was observed as a day of national moaning
throughout Bengal. Moreover on this day people took to fasting and Rabindranath
Tagore composed the National Song for this occasion ‘Vande Matharam’.
Rabindranath Tagore suggested that this day
should also be observed as Rakha Bandan Dau and Anand Mohan Bose laid the
foundation of the federation Hall. On this occasion they passed a resolution to
maintain a unity of Bengal.
SWADESHI OR BOYCOTT MOVEMENT
The great Bengal leader realized the public
meeting demonstration and resolution, which were not likely to have much
effect. A more positive action was needed. The answer was Swadeshi or boycott.
To spread the idea of swadeshi and boycott the foreign goods all over India a
number of meetings were organized. The people took an oath not to use foreign
goods. The swadeshi movement was of an emmence success and many textile mills,
handloom factories were opened in many parts of India. On 15th
august 1906, a national council o education was set up and college was started
in Calcutta. Aurobindo Bose became the main person of this college. The
Swadeshi agitation took a new turn and the people decided to fight for freedom.
To achive this freedom the extremists asked the people for self sacrifice. The
people gave whole hearted cooperation but failed to find a leader who could
guide the people properly.
THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
The Indian leaders felt the need to form a
strong political organization to fight against the British and his gave rise to
the Indian National Congress. This body was guided and directed by nationalists
such as Dadabai Navroji, Firozshah Mehta, Gokhale and Surendranath Banerjee.
Its main aim was to achieve freedom for the country. But Dadabai Navroji went a
step further and declared that the main aim of the congress was seslf
government or swaraj. This led to a split in the congress which proved harmful
to both parties. The British government played the game of divide and rule. The
Morley Minto Reform created separate communal electorates which was done with
the purpose to divide the hindus and mslims. The Indians were not happy with
the reforms. The result was that they lost internal respect and support of the
public as well as large number of political conscious Indians.
MUSLIM LEAGUE AND THE GROWTH OF COMMUNIALISM
In the early period there was friendship
between the hindus and muslims but slowly this attitude of friendliness was
done away with. The muslim league under the leadership of Aga Khan and the
Nawab of the Deccan.
-
The
aim of the Muslim League was to foster loyalty to the British government in
India among the muslims
-
To
safeguard political rights of the muslims
-
To
maintain friendly relations with all those people who were not against the
league whether they were muslims or non muslims.
HOME RULE
The Home Rule organization was established in
1915 by Tilak and Annie Besant. She came to India to devote herself for social
educational upliftment of the Indians, but later she realized that without
raising the political status of India no other improvement could be possible.
The Home Rule Movement was a new kind of weapon to fight against the British.
This movement disappeared when Lord Montague the secretary for state of India
made the declaration on August 17, promising self government for India.
LUCKNOW SESSION
The leaders of the Indian National Congress
realized that this unity was harmful and this could not achieve anything for India.
This feeling led to two historical events a Lahore and Lucknow. At the Lahore
session the Congress was reunited and in the Lucknow session the All India
Muslim League joined together with the Congress to put the demands before the
government. The Lucknow Pact brought unity between the Hindus and Muslims. This
pact left the way open to the future in the Indian politics. The government
tried its best to suppress the nationalist movement. But the nationalist
announced that on 28th august 1917 the policy in India was the
gradual development of self governing institution with a view to the
progressive realization of responsible government of India as an integral part
of the British empire.
FILL IN THE BLANKS
Bengal was partitioned 1905 20th
July
A meeting was held on 7th August
1905 to protest against the partition
The song Vande Mataram was composed by Rabindranath
Tagore
A secret revolutionary society was organized by
V. D. Savarkar
The Muslim League was founded under the
leadership of Aga Khan
The boycott movement started in the year 1905
The viceroy Curzon did away with the
partition of Bengal
Aurobindo Ghosh took an oath before
the Goddess Kali
The first world war started in the year 1914
Tilak regarded civil disobedience as a
political weapon
The Bengali edited by Surendrenath
Banerjee condemned the partition of Bengal
Tilak inaugurated the Shivaji and Ganapati festivals
in India.
Savarkar founded the Mitra Mela
Use of Swadeshi goods during the
Swadeshi Movement symbolized peoples concern for the country’s
self-sufficiency.
Savarkar and his friends set up a mitra mela in
1900 which was known as Abhinav Bharat Mandal in 1904.
Madam Bhikaji Cama has been called the
mother of Indian Revolution
Mrs. Annie Besant and her followers brought out
two newspapers New India and Common Wealth
Kaka Joseph Baptist as called the Father
of Home Rule Movement in India
NAME
Brother of Aurobhindo Ghosh – Barindra Ghosh
Secretary of the Muslim League in 1907 – Aga
Khan
Principal of the National College in Calcutta –
Aurobindo Ghosh
Father of the National Congress – Surendranath
Banerjee
Paper started by Abdul Kalang Aza – Al Idi Lal
MATCH
L. Curzon – partition of Bengal
Dadabai Nowroji – President of Congress
Sir William Hunt – Indian Musalman
Tilak – Ganapati festival
Surat session 1907
Allahabad session – 1908
Lucknow Session – 1916
Hema Chandra Kanunga – Anu Shilam Samiti
V. D. Savarkar – Abhinav Bharat
ANSWER IN ONE SENTENCE
What do you mean by boycott?
It means no using or cooperation with the
British government but instead promoting Indian industry
What were the aims of the Swadeshi movement?
-
To
boycott British manufactured goods
-
Burning
British goods at public places
Who were the prominent moderate leaders from
Western India?
Dadabai Nowroji, Justice Ranade, G. K. Gokhale,
Firoz Shah Mehta and Rahim Tulla Sayani.
Which were the 3 extremists?
Lal, Bal & Pal
Why did the muslims not join the swadeshi
movement?
Because it supported the partition of Bengal,
so that east Bengal would have a muslim majority
Who was Khudiram Bose and Prafula Chaki?
These were unsuccessful in killing a district
judge of Muzaffarpur in 1908. To escape arrest Chaki shot himself buy Bose was
arrested and hanged to death.
Who started the anti partilia movement in
Bengal?
The Indian national congress, Zamindars,
Merchants, lawyers and students
What was the main aim of the Indian national
congress?
The main aim was to unite the people so that
they could fight against the English
Which pact brought unity between the congress
and muslim league?
Lucknow Pact
Which reforms were announced in 1918 by the
British government?
Montague Chelmsford Reforms
How did the moderates want to gain freedom?
Through methods of work which consisted of
agitation, petition and memorandum to the authorities.
Which were the two groups which fought during
the first world war?
Central power which consisted of Austria,
Germany, Hungary and Turkey.
Allies consisted of England, France, Japan,
Italy and Russia.
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