Biodiversity deals with the degree of nature’s variety in the biosphere. This diversity is found at three levels
Genetic Diversity
Ecosystem Diversity
Species Diversity
Genetic Diversity – is the diversity among individuals of
the species. E.g. each human being differs widely from others because of
combinations in our genes. This diversity is important for a healthy
population. If the number of individuals is reduced, it can lead to extinction
of species.
Ecosystem Diversity – Different ecosystems have their own
distinctive interlinked species that vary functionally and structurally from
other ecosystems. Natural ecosystems are forests, deserts and aquatic systems
such as ponds, rivers, etc. If they are misused or overused their productivity
gradually decreased and they are said to be degraded.
Species Diversity – The number of species of plants and
animals found in a region constitute its species diversity. This diversity is
found in natural systems as well as agricultural systems. Natural tropical
forests have much greater species diversity than most other regions.
Genetic, ecosystem and species diversity are important for
the welfare of human society
Biodiversity must be preserved:
Biodiversity is essential for the stability of ecosystem. A
large variety of plant and animal life must be maintained in the ecosystem
because each of them has a specific role to play
Our environment is interdependent, and all life depends on
uninterrupted functioning of natural systems that ensure supply of energy and
nutrients.
All species have an inherent right to live. The well being
of future generations is a social responsibility of the present generation.
The ecological limits within which we must work provide
direction and guidance for human activities to sustain environmental stability
and diversity.
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